It is fascinating to witness the birth of a movement within an industry. Our last great one – sustainability in design projects – is still unfolding and will likely be less a movement than an intrinsic character of the built environment. Now emerging is the recurrent theme about the importance of authenticity and the many values emanating from the originality of design.
Of course, anything of importance that represents a change must justify its worth as it shoulders its way into its final position among competing values. The originality movement has a head start, being something embraced by the design community as a fundamental value. And, like the sustainability movement, it is considered a hallmark of a “good project” in accordance with contemporary standards.
Shortly before NeoCon, the Herman Miller NYC showroom hosted an IIDA NY Chapter and Be Original Americas panel discussing several perspectives on design. John Czarnecki, editor in chief of Contract Magazine, moderated the panel comprising designer Dror Benshetrit, Studio Dror, Rebecca Dorris Stieger, current president of IIDA NY Chapter and a designer at Gensler NYC, and Sam Grawe, global brand director for Herman Miller and former editor in chief of Dwell Magazine.
“Industrial design isn’t understood by everyone the same way,” said Mr. Grawe. “It’s not like a painting, or a singular work of art; it’s about the manufacturing process. An authentic design can be authentic if it is from 2010 or from 1955 or earlier.”
Mr. Grawe, however, had a confession to make.
“Herman Miller was not founded on the principle of original design. We reproduced replica furniture, as did all the Grand Rapids manufacturers at the beginning of the 20th century. Eventually, our founder DJ Dupree met Gilbert Roade, who convinced him on moral grounds that what he was doing was wrong. He should be making modern furniture for modern times.”
Be Original Americas, a non-profit, was founded three years ago to inform, educate and influence manufacturers, design professionals and individuals about the economic, ethical and environmental value of authentic design. Through an extensive program of lectures, workshops and round table presentations across North and South America, its goal is to establish industry standards that encourage consumers, the design community and its various partners, to support creativity and authenticity and thereby incentivize innovation.
For Mr. Benshetrit, innovation is at the core of his design practice. Authenticity and attention to every detail is required for each project.
“Still,” he said, “earlier today I was talking to a client about a lobby design in which I plan to place several of Knoll’s Mies van der Rohe Barcelona chairs.”
Where is the originality/authenticity in this, you may ask when there are many lobbies with Barcelona chairs. The answer, of course, is in how the chairs were used and in the use of the original van der Rohe design, rather than a cheaper knock-off.
These are interesting times, Mr. Benshetrit noted.
“We are still recovering from a recession as a result of which many designers are designing a bit more conservatively. At the same time, this is a time of tremendous innovation in manufacturing processes, in fabrics, in the use of sustainable materials, and in software development, all of which contribute to more original design. I have a feeling we are going to see a lot of very original designs in the near future.”
Imitation and reuse are not necessarily all bad. Imitation is often one of the first stages of learning, and most designers while in design schools begin to understand the rules and techniques of design by modifying existing designs and applying their iterations to their current projects. In addition, many design details are a language of sorts, and their reuse in many original ways does not signify inauthenticity. And, of course, across all types of commercial interior design, certain iconic pieces of furniture represent their own design detail, signifying a certain emotional reaction or design intent.
Addressing these counterpoints, Ms. Dorris Stieger said, “At what point are designers over-inspired and over-influenced by what they have seen before, or by what their clients are asking them to do? There is a lot of pressure to come up with new ideas. So many designers at the firm were at the top of their class and came to a large office like Gensler and were expected to be one of the top performers in the company.
“It is very easy to go online, look for things and end up with a sheet of images that are pinned onto a board that are not yours. How do you take that and turn it into something that is your own, or take your own ideas and support them with examples that point to a design intent?”
As an editor for Contract Magazine, Mr Czarnecki looks at hundreds, if not thousands, of workplace interiors each year.
“I agree that there is a lot of sameness that I see from project to project,” he said. “This is not a statement on the profession, but there are a lot of similarities and things that look similar from firm to firm, not just within one firm. You realize it starts with that inspiration board, but at what point does the designer use his/her skills to get to the next level?”
Indeed, this is one of the few qualities that separate talented designers from average designers.
“We need to have the gumption to stand up for what we think the design should be,” said Ms. Dorris Stieger. “There are a lot more design-savvy clients out there who come to us and say, ‘my brother-in-law works for so and so, and their office was really cool because it had this, so I think we need this on our project too.’”
The reality is that at the end of the day, design is a service-oriented business.
“Very often,” said Mr. Benshetrit, “we get clients who ask us to copy something. Whether it is to specify a chair that they could pay half price for, or to say, ‘I saw a building, I love it, and I want mine to look exactly like that one.’ But the fact that we are in a service business does not mean that we do what our clients ask us to do.”
Service businesses, however, tend to rely on repeat customers. Fortunately, the more educated the customer, the better the conditions for the service provider.
“There is much more going into the original,” said Mr. Grawe. “For example, the Eameses chose to work with Herman Miller, and we have made their designs the same way from the beginning. In addition, Herman Miller produces furniture as sustainably as it can, with a quality that will last a lifetime, to say nothing of its approach to its workforce and community. It is easy to see that buying original designs supports a broader ecosystem, and a mindset that embraces environmental issues as well as originality and ethical issues.”
The Q&A discussion that followed indicated that this topic was emotional for a number of professionals in the audience. Their varied experience suggested even more reasons to avoid unoriginal design.
“One of my clients purchased knockoff furniture years ago,” said one audience member. “Not only were the chairs specified for the incorrect application, but they were knockoffs. Within a couple of years, these chairs started failing in the field, spectacularly. Unfortunately, when something like that happens, the reputation of the chair itself and its original designer ends up suffering, not the manufacturer of the knockoff, and not the client who insisted on specifying that particular chair.
“I came into this project in the middle of this insanity and asked the client representatives if they had ever sat on an original design of this chair. If they had, they would have known that the original does not tip over, it does not break when you sit on it, and it is extraordinarily comfortable. If you buy the original, you will find excellent materials and incredible longevity. I spent three years trying to not only educate my client, but educate the end users who ended up disparaging midcentury design because of the performance of this knockoff.”
Another audience member, who happened to be the owner of a small furniture company, noted, “Consumers used to think they were buying furniture as an heirloom; they intended to pass it down to their children. You can blame the consumer today, but the world has changed dramatically.”
This panel discussion set the stage for future actions and industry possibilities. Inevitable comparisons with how the fashion and music industries tackled these issues will further inform and enrich the dialogue. All of us should be thinking and practicing original design. But, as the panel and the audience participation indicated, we do have to get below the obvious surface issues.